Purpose: Mathematical modeling has been applied to a range of policy-level decisions on resource allocation for HIV care and treatment. We describe the application of classic operations research techniques to address logistical and resource management challenges in HIV treatment scale-up activities in resource-limited countries.
Methods: We review and categorize several of the major logistical and operational problems encountered over the last decade in the global scale-up of HIV care and antiretroviral treatment for people with AIDS.
While there are unique features of HIV care and treatment that pose significant challenges to effective modeling and service improvement, we identify several analogous OR-based solutions that have been developed in the service, industrial, and health sectors.
Results: HIV treatment scale-up includes many processes that are amenable to mathematical and simulation modeling, including forecasting future demand for services; locating and sizing facilities for maximal efficiency; and determining optimal staffing levels at clinical centers. Optimization of clinical and logistical processes through modeling may improve outcomes, but successful OR-based interventions will require contextualization of response strategies, including appreciation of both existing health care systems and limitations in local health workforces.
Conclusions: The modeling techniques developed in the engineering field of operations research have wide potential application to the variety of logistical problems encountered in HIV treatment scale-up in resource-limited settings. Increasing the number of cross-disciplinary collaborations between engineering and public health will help speed the appropriate development and application of these tools.
http://findarticles.com
Sunday, August 10, 2008
Friday, August 1, 2008
Radio Control Areo Modeling
Aero-modeling has been around since man first starting putting the dreams of flight into practice. This is one of the most exciting and enjoyable hobbies in existence, encompassing so many different aspects.
The hobby involves fresh air outdoor activity as well as aerodynamics, drafting, electronics, mechanics, working with wood and composite materials including the required skills and components that make all these work together. Joining a local club will also bring new friends and fellowship. National Model associations in almost every country around the world are operated by volunteers,yet another venue of participation.It is not a hobby where boredom will show up for many years, if ever in a lifetime. Areo-modeling attracts a remarkable diverse following. People from all walks of life enjoy this exciting hobby.
Each new model tackled is a whole different animal than the last. Requiring the learning of new building, set up, maintenance and flying techniques.The possibilities are endless with the countless types of kits, plans, ARF kits of airplanes, helicopters, gliders, free flight models and rockets available for purchase. Or for those so inclined, create and build your own design.
Model Aircraft are not just toys. The model is a real aircraft that operates in the same air and by the same aerodynamic principles as its full size counter part. The only difference is size and weight. Just like there bigger brothers they require a learned skill set to be operated properly and safely.
With the advancements recently in technology it is now possible to build and fly a radio control model with a power system matched to the model. Example, Micro Turbines are now available for jet models as well as turbine powered helicopters and prop turbines. Miniature gas radial engines are being produced for the exact look and sound of the ww2 era.
Competition is also a large part of this hobby. For those so inclined there is world competitions held on a regular basis for almost all disciplines. Records are verified by the F.A.I. which is the recognized keeper of all things aerospace related in the world.
There is something for every one in this exciting and diversified Hobby.
Hope to see you on the flightline.
Brian Crozier
http://www.rcflyingtoys.com
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Brian_Crozier
The hobby involves fresh air outdoor activity as well as aerodynamics, drafting, electronics, mechanics, working with wood and composite materials including the required skills and components that make all these work together. Joining a local club will also bring new friends and fellowship. National Model associations in almost every country around the world are operated by volunteers,yet another venue of participation.It is not a hobby where boredom will show up for many years, if ever in a lifetime. Areo-modeling attracts a remarkable diverse following. People from all walks of life enjoy this exciting hobby.
Each new model tackled is a whole different animal than the last. Requiring the learning of new building, set up, maintenance and flying techniques.The possibilities are endless with the countless types of kits, plans, ARF kits of airplanes, helicopters, gliders, free flight models and rockets available for purchase. Or for those so inclined, create and build your own design.
Model Aircraft are not just toys. The model is a real aircraft that operates in the same air and by the same aerodynamic principles as its full size counter part. The only difference is size and weight. Just like there bigger brothers they require a learned skill set to be operated properly and safely.
With the advancements recently in technology it is now possible to build and fly a radio control model with a power system matched to the model. Example, Micro Turbines are now available for jet models as well as turbine powered helicopters and prop turbines. Miniature gas radial engines are being produced for the exact look and sound of the ww2 era.
Competition is also a large part of this hobby. For those so inclined there is world competitions held on a regular basis for almost all disciplines. Records are verified by the F.A.I. which is the recognized keeper of all things aerospace related in the world.
There is something for every one in this exciting and diversified Hobby.
Hope to see you on the flightline.
Brian Crozier
http://www.rcflyingtoys.com
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Brian_Crozier
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